Ibyatsi bibi cyangwa ibyatsi byo mu gasozi ni ikintu gikomeye cyane mu bidukikije.Muri rusange dukuraho ibyatsi bibi bishoboka mugihe cyo guhinga cyangwa guhinga.Ariko ibyatsi byavanyweho ntibijugunywa gusa ahubwo birashobora gukora ifumbire nziza iyo ifumbire neza.Gukoresha ibyatsi bibi mu ifumbire ni ifumbire, ni ifumbire mvaruganda ikozwe mu byatsi by’ibihingwa, ibyatsi, amababi, imyanda, n’ibindi, ifumbire n’ifumbire y’abantu, ifumbire y’amatungo, n'ibindi. Ibiranga ni uko uburyo bworoshye, ubuziranenge nibyiza, ifumbire mvaruganda ni myinshi, kandi irashobora kwica mikorobe n'amagi.
Ibiranga ifumbire mvaruganda:
Effect Ifumbire mvaruganda iratinda kurenza ifumbire mvaruganda;
Various Ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe ihamye, ntibyoroshye kurimburwa, kugabanya ibyago byindwara nimbogamizi zihoraho zo guhinga ziterwa nubusumbane bwibintu, muriki gice, ingaruka zacyo ziruta ifumbire mvaruganda;
Kugabanya ibyago byo kunanirwa kumera kw'ibihingwa;
Grass Ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi bufite imizi ihamye, kandi nyuma yo kwinjira cyane, ikuramo ibintu byangiza imyanda igasubira mu butaka;
Ation Ikigereranyo gikwiye cya karubone-azote no kubora neza;
1. Ibikoresho byo gukora ifumbire
Ibikoresho byo gukora ifumbire igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu ukurikije imiterere yabyo:
Ibikoresho by'ibanze
Ibintu bitangirika byoroshye, nk'ibyatsi bitandukanye by'ibihingwa, urumamfu, amababi yaguye, imizabibu, ifu, imyanda, n'ibindi.
Ibintu biteza imbere kubora
Muri rusange, ni ibintu bikungahaye kuri bacteri zo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru zirimo fibre yangiza irimo azote nyinshi, nko gusohora abantu, umwanda, umusenyi wa silkworm, ifumbire y'ifarashi, ifumbire y'intama, ifumbire ishaje, ivu ry'ibihingwa, lime, n'ibindi.
Ibintu bitagaragara
Ongeramo agace gato k'ibishyimbo, umucanga mwiza hamwe n'ifu ya superphosifate cyangwa ifu ya fosifate mu gihe cyo kwegeranya birashobora gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ihindagurika rya azote no kuzamura ifumbire mvaruganda.
2. Kuvura ibikoresho bitandukanye mbere yo gukora ifumbire
Kugirango byihute kubora no kubora kwa buri kintu, ibikoresho bitandukanye bigomba kuvurwa mbere yo gufumbira.
Imyanda igomba gutondekwa kugirango itore ibirahure bimenetse, amabuye, amabati, plastike, nibindi bisigazwa, cyane cyane kugirango birinde kuvanga ibyuma biremereye nibintu byangiza kandi byangiza.
Ihame, ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byo gukusanya nibyiza guhonyorwa, kandi kongera aho uhurira bifasha kubora, ariko bitwara imbaraga nyinshi nubutunzi.Mubisanzwe, urumamfu rwaciwe muri cm 5-10 z'uburebure.
lKu bikoresho bikomeye kandi bishashara, nk'ibigori n'amasaka, bifata amazi make, nibyiza ko ubishiramo imyanda cyangwa amazi ya lime 2% nyuma yo kumenagura kugirango usenye ibishashara by'ibyatsi, bifasha kwinjiza amazi kandi bigatera imbere kubora no kubora.
Ibyatsi bibi byo mu mazi, kubera amazi menshi, bigomba gukama gato mbere yo kurunda.
3.Guhitamo ahantu hateganijwe
Ahantu ho gufumbira ifumbire hagomba guhitamo ahantu hamwe nubutaka burebure, ingwe nizuba, hafi yisoko y'amazi, kandi byoroshye gutwara no gukoresha.Kugirango byoroherezwe gutwara no gukoresha, ibibanza byo gukusanya birashobora gutatanwa muburyo bukwiye.Ikibanza cyo gutondekamo kimaze gutorwa, ubutaka buzaringanizwa.
4.Ikigereranyo cya buri kintu muri fumbire
Muri rusange, igipimo cyibikoresho byo gutondekanya ni kilo 500 zibyatsi bitandukanye byatsi, ibyatsi bibi, amababi yaguye, nibindi, wongeyeho ibiro 100-150 by ifumbire ninkari, hamwe nibiro 50-100 byamazi.Ubwinshi bwamazi yongeweho biterwa no gukama nubushuhe bwibikoresho fatizo.kg, cyangwa ifu ya fosifate yifu ya kg 25-30, superphosifate 5-8 kg, ifumbire ya azote 4-5 kg.
Kugirango wihute kubora, ingano ikwiye y’ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa ifumbire ishaje, ibyondo byimbitse, nubutaka burumbuka birashobora kongerwamo imbaraga kugirango bibore.Ariko ubutaka ntibukwiye kuba bwinshi, kugirango butagira ingaruka kumikurire nubwiza bwifumbire.Kubwibyo, wa mugani wubuhinzi uragira uti: "Ibyatsi bitagira ibyondo ntibizabora, kandi nta byondo, ibyatsi ntibizera".Ibi birerekana neza ko kongeramo ubwinshi bwubutaka burumbuka butagira ingaruka zo gukuramo no kugumana ifumbire gusa, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka zo guteza imbere kwangirika kw ibinyabuzima.
5.Umusaruro w'ifumbire
Gukwirakwiza igicucu gifite umubyimba wa cm 20 ku mwobo uhumeka wikibuga cyegeranijwe, ubutaka bwiza, cyangwa ubutaka bwa turf nk'igitaka cyo hasi kugirango winjiremo ifumbire yinjiye, hanyuma ushyire hamwe ibikoresho bivanze kandi bivuwe byuzuye murwego rumwe kugeza menya neza.Kandi usukemo ifumbire n'amazi kuri buri cyiciro, hanyuma usukemo neza uduce duto twa lime, ifu ya fosifate, cyangwa izindi fumbire ya fosifate.Cyangwa gutera inshinge nyinshi za fibre zibora.Ibyatsi bibi muri buri cyiciro na urea cyangwa ifumbire yubutaka hamwe ningano yingano kugirango uhindure igipimo cya karubone-azote igomba kongerwaho ukurikije umubare ukenewe kugirango ifumbire mvaruganda.
Ibi bishyizwe kumurongo kugeza bigeze ku burebure bwa cm 130–200.Ubunini bwa buri cyiciro ni cm 30-70.Igice cyo hejuru kigomba kuba gito, naho hagati no hepfo bigomba kuba binini.Ingano y’ifumbire n’amazi byongewe kuri buri cyiciro bigomba kuba byinshi murwego rwo hejuru kandi bike mukigero cyo hasi kugirango bishoboke gutemba no gukwirakwiza hejuru no hepfo.Kuringaniza.Ubugari bwa stack hamwe nuburebure bwa stack biterwa nubunini bwibikoresho no koroshya imikorere.Imiterere yikirundo irashobora gukorwa muburyo bunoze cyangwa ubundi buryo.Ikirundo kimaze kurangira, gifunzwe hamwe na cm 6-7 z'ubugari bwibyondo bito, ubutaka bwiza, hamwe na firime ishaje, bifasha mukubungabunga ubushyuhe, kubika amazi, no kubika ifumbire.
6.Gucunga ifumbire
Mubisanzwe nyuma yiminsi 3-5 ikirundo, ibintu kama bitangira kubora na mikorobe kugirango irekure ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwikirundo buzamuka buhoro.Nyuma yiminsi 7-8, ubushyuhe mukirundo burazamuka cyane, bugera kuri 60-70 ° C.Igikorwa kiracika intege kandi kubora ibikoresho fatizo ntabwo byuzuye.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo guteranya, ubuhehere nubushyuhe bihinduka mubice byo hejuru, hagati, no hepfo yibice bigomba kugenzurwa kenshi.
Turashobora gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda kugirango tumenye ubushyuhe bwimbere bwifumbire.Niba udafite ifumbire mvaruganda, urashobora kandi gushiramo inkoni ndende yicyuma mukirundo hanyuma ukayireka muminota 5!Nyuma yo kuyikuramo, gerageza ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe.Yumva ishyushye kuri 30 ℃, ikumva ishyushye nka 40-50 and, kandi ikumva ishyushye nka 60 ℃.Kugenzura ubuhehere, urashobora kureba imiterere yumye kandi itose yubuso bwigice cyinjijwemo icyuma.Niba ari mubihe bitose, bivuze ko amazi akwiye;niba ari mubihe byumye, bivuze ko amazi ari make cyane, kandi ushobora gukora umwobo hejuru yikirundo ukongeramo amazi.Niba ubuhehere buri mu kirundo bwahujwe no guhumeka, ubushyuhe buzagenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro muminsi ya mbere nyuma yikirundo, kandi burashobora kugera hejuru cyane mugihe cyicyumweru.Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntigomba kuba munsi yiminsi 3, kandi ubushyuhe buzagabanuka buhoro nyuma yiminsi 10.Muri iki gihe, hinduranya ikirundo rimwe muminsi 20-25, uhindure igice cyo hanze ugana hagati, uhindure hagati ugana hanze, hanyuma wongeremo inkari zikenewe nkuko bikenewe kugirango wongere ushireho kugirango utangire kubora.Nyuma yo kongera kurunda, nyuma yiminsi 20-30, ibikoresho bibisi byegeranye nurwego rwumukara, kubora, no kunuka, byerekana ko byangirika, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa igitaka gitwikiriye gishobora guhagarikwa no kubikwa kuri nyuma.
7.Guhindura ifumbire
Kuva mugitangira ifumbire, inshuro zihinduka zigomba kuba:
Iminsi 7 nyuma yambere;Iminsi 14 nyuma yubwa kabiri;Iminsi 21 nyuma yubwa gatatu;Ukwezi 1 nyuma yubwa kane;rimwe mu kwezi nyuma yibyo.Icyitonderwa: Amazi agomba kongerwaho neza kugirango ahindure ubuhehere kuri 50-60% burigihe ikirundo gihindutse.
8. Nigute ushobora kumenya gukura kwifumbire
Nyamuneka reba ingingo zikurikira:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2022