Mu ngingo zabanjirije iyi, twavuze ku kamaro ka “karubone ku kigereranyo cya azote” mu musaruro w’ifumbire mvaruganda inshuro nyinshi, ariko haracyari abasomyi benshi bagifite gushidikanya ku gitekerezo cya “karubone na nitorojeni” n’uburyo bwo kuyikora.Noneho tuzaza.Muganire kuri iki kibazo.
Ubwa mbere, "karubone igereranije na azote" ni igipimo cya karubone na azote.Hariho ibintu bitandukanye mubikoresho by ifumbire, na karubone na azote nibintu bibiri byingenzi:
Carbone ni ikintu gishobora gutanga ingufu za mikorobe, muri rusange, karubone, nka sukari yumukara, molase, krahisi (ifu y ibigori), nibindi, byose ni "isoko ya karubone", kandi ibyatsi, ibyatsi by ingano, nibindi byatsi nabyo birashobora kuba byumvikana nk "amasoko ya karubone".
Azote irashobora kongera azote kugirango ikure mikorobe.Ni iki gikungahaye kuri azote?Urea, aside amine, ifumbire y'inkoko (ibiryo ni ibiryo bya poroteyine nyinshi), n'ibindi. Muri rusange, ibikoresho dusembura ni isoko ya azote, hanyuma tukongeramo bikwiye "amasoko ya karubone" nkuko bikenewe kugirango duhindure karubone ku kigereranyo cya azote.
Ikibazo cyo gufumbira kiri muburyo bwo kugenzura igipimo cya karubone-azote mu rugero rwiza.Kubwibyo, mugihe wongeyeho ibikoresho by ifumbire, haba gukoresha uburemere cyangwa ibindi bice byo gupima, ibikoresho bitandukanye by ifumbire bigomba guhinduka mubice bingana.
Mu ifumbire mvaruganda, ubuhehere bugera kuri 60% bifasha cyane kwangirika kwa mikorobe, nubwo igipimo cya karubone-azote y’imyanda y'ibiribwa igera kuri 20: 1, ariko amazi yabyo ashobora kuba hagati ya 85-95%.bityo.Mubisanzwe birakenewe kongeramo ibikoresho byumukara kumyanda yigikoni, ibikoresho byumukara birashobora gukuramo ubuhehere burenze.Ikirundo cyumuyaga wifumbire kigomba guhindurwa naifumbire mvarugandamugihe runaka kugirango ushishikarize umwuka, bitabaye ibyo, ifumbire irashobora kunuka.Niba ifumbire mvaruganda itose cyane, jya kuri karubone kuri azote ya 40: 1.Niba ifumbire mvaruganda imaze kuba hafi ya 60% yubushyuhe, irashobora guhita yishingikiriza ku kigereranyo cyiza cya 30: 1.
Noneho, tuzabagezaho ibipimo byuzuye bya karubone-azote y'ibikoresho byo gufumbira.Urashobora guhindura umubare wibikoresho bizwi ukurikije ibikoresho bifumbire mvaruganda ushobora gukoresha hanyuma ugahuza uburyo bwo gupima twavuze haruguru kugirango ugereranye karubone-azote ku ntera nziza.
Iyi mibare ishingiye ku kigereranyo na C: N, hashobora kubaho itandukaniro mubikorwa nyirizina, nyamara, izi ziracyari inzira nziza cyane yo kugenzura karubone na azote mu ifumbire yawe mugihe uri ifumbire.
| Ikigereranyo cya karubone ya azote y'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Ikarito yamenetse | 350 | 350 | 1 |
| Hardwoodbinkuge | 223 | 223 | 1 |
| Hardwoodcikibuno | 560 | 560 | 1 |
| Damababi yeze | 60 | 60 | 1 |
| Gamababi | 45 | 45 | 1 |
| Newspaper | 450 | 450 | 1 |
| Pineneedles | 80 | 80 | 1 |
| Sawdust | 325 | 325 | 1 |
| Cork bark | 496 | 496 | 1 |
| Cork chip | 641 | 641 | 1 |
| Oku byatsi | 60 | 60 | 1 |
| Umuceri straw | 120 | 120 | 1 |
| W wood chip | 400 | 400 | 1 |
| Igipfukishoed ibimera | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Alfalfa | 12 | 12 | 1 |
| Ryegrass | 26 | 26 | 1 |
| Ibinyomoro | 34 | 34 | 1 |
| Cumukunzi | 23 | 23 | 1 |
| Inka | 21 | 21 | 1 |
| Millet | 44 | 44 | 1 |
| Amata yo mu Bushinwa | 11 | 11 | 1 |
| Urubuto rwa amababi | 26 | 26 | 1 |
| Pennisetum | 50 | 50 | 1 |
| Soya | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Sudangras | 44 | 44 | 1 |
| Ingano y'itumba | 14 | 14 | 1 |
| Imyanda yo mu gikoni | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Pivu | 25 | 25 | 1 |
| Ikawagkuzenguruka | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Gimyanda(amashami yapfuye) | 30 | 30 | 1 |
| Mumwenda | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Kimyanda | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Fresh amababi yimboga | 37 | 37 | 1 |
| Tissue | 110 | 110 | 1 |
| Amashamba yatemwe | 53 | 53 | 1 |
| Impapuro z'umusarani | 70 | 70 | 1 |
| Abataye inyanya | 11 | 11 | 1 |
| Amashami yatemwe | 16 | 16 | 1 |
| Icyatsi cyumye | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Ibyatsi bibi | 10 | 10 | 1 |
| Ibindi bikoresho bishingiye ku ifumbire mvaruganda | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Apple pomace | 13 | 13 | 1 |
| Banana/ Ikibabi cy'igitoki | 25 | 25 | 1 |
| CIgikonoshwa | 180 | 180 | 1 |
| Ccb | 80 | 80 | 1 |
| Amashami y'ibigori | 75 | 75 | 1 |
| Fruit | 35 | 35 | 1 |
| Ggufata ku ngufu pomace | 65 | 65 | 1 |
| Grapvine | 80 | 80 | 1 |
| Ibyatsi byumye | 40 | 40 | 1 |
| Dry ibinyamisogweIbimera | 20 | 20 | 1 |
| Pods | 30 | 30 | 1 |
| OIgikonoshwa | 30 | 30 | 1 |
| Rice husk | 121 | 121 | 1 |
| Ibishishwa by'ibishyimbo | 35 | 35 | 1 |
| Imyanda y'imboga ifite amababi | 10 | 10 | 1 |
| Simyanda y'imboga ya tarchy | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| Aifumbire nimal | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Cifumbire y'inkoko | 6 | 6 | 1 |
| Inkaifumbire | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| Gifumbire mvaruganda | 11 | 11 | 1 |
| Hifumbire mvaruganda | 30 | 30 | 1 |
| Ifumbire y'abantu | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| Pig ifumbire | 14 | 14 | 1 |
| Ifumbire y'urukwavu | 12 | 12 | 1 |
| Ifumbire y'intama | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| Inkari | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Oibikoresho | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Ibikona / lobster | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Fish | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Luimyanda ya mber | 170 | 170 | 1 |
| Seaweed | 10 | 10 | 1 |
| Ibisigazwa by'ibinyampeke(inzoga nini) | 12 | 12 | 1 |
| Gibisigazwa by'imvura(microbrewery) | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| Amazi meza | 25 | 25 | 1 |
| Cimbarutso | |||
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo cya C / N. | Cibirimo | Ibirimo azote |
| Bifu | 14 | 14 | 1 |
| Bifu imwe | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| Impamba /ifunguro rya soya | 7 | 7 | 1 |
Ifu yamaraso ni ifu ikomoka kumisha amaraso yinyamaswa.Ifu yamaraso ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukongera insinga za azote mu butaka, bigatuma ibimera bikura cyane nimboga rwatsi "icyatsi".Bitandukanye nifu yamagufa, ifu yamaraso irashobora kugabanya pH yubutaka bigatuma ubutaka bwa acide.Ubutaka bugirira akamaro cyane ibimera.
Uruhare rwifu yifu nifu yamagufa Bifite ingaruka nziza mugutezimbere ubutaka, kandi ifumbire mibi ntabwo izatwika ibihingwa byawe.Niba ubutaka bufite aside, koresha ifunguro ryamagufa kugirango wongere fosifore na calcium, ukore ubutaka bwa alkaline, Birakwiriye kumera nindabyo.Niba ubutaka ari alkaline, koresha ifu yamaraso kugirango wongere azote kandi utume aside iba aside.Irakwiriye kubiti byamababi.Muri make, kongeramo bibiri byavuzwe haruguru kuri fumbire nibyiza byo gufumbira.
Uburyo bwo kubara
Ukurikije igipimo cya karubone-azote y'ibikoresho bitandukanye byatanzwe kurutonde rwavuzwe haruguru, uhujwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ifumbire mvaruganda, ubare umubare rusange wibikoresho bitandukanye by ifumbire mvaruganda, ubare ibirimo byose bya karubone, hanyuma ugabanye numubare wibice byose byo gukora Uyu mubare ugomba kuba hagati ya 20 na 40.
Urugero rwo kwerekana uburyo ibipimo bya karubone na azote bibarwa:
Dufashe ko hari toni 8 z'amase y'inka hamwe n'ibyatsi by'ingano nk'ibikoresho bifasha, ni bangahe ibyatsi by'ingano dukeneye kongeramo kugirango igipimo cya karubone-azote y'ibikoresho byose bigere kuri 30: 1?
Twarebye ku meza dusanga igipimo cya karubone-azote y'amase y'inka ari 15: 1, igipimo cya karuboni-azote y'ibyatsi by'ingano ni 60: 1, naho karubone-azote ya bombi ni 4: 1, bityo natwe gusa dukeneye gushyira ingano y'ibyatsi by'ingano muri 1/4 cy'amase y'inka.Yego, ni ukuvuga toni 2 z'ibyatsi by'ingano.
Niba ufite ibindi bibazo cyangwa ibikenewe, nyamuneka twandikire muburyo bukurikira:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2022