5 Ibiranga ifumbire inyamaswa zitandukanye nubwitonzi mugihe cyo gufungura ifumbire mvaruganda (Igice cya 2)

Gusembura no gukura kw'ifumbire mvaruganda ni inzira igoye.Kugirango ugere ku ifumbire mvaruganda nziza, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byibanze bigomba kugenzurwa ：

1. Carbone ku kigereranyo cya azote

Birakwiye kuri 25: 1:

Ibyiza bya fumbire yimborera ya aerobic ni (25-35): 1, inzira ya fermentation niyo yihuta, niba aerobic iri hasi cyane (20: 1), kubyara mikorobe bizabuzwa kubera ingufu zidahagije.Nkigisubizo, kubora biratinda kandi bituzuye, kandi mugihe ibyatsi byibihingwa ari binini cyane (mubisanzwe (6080): 1), hagomba kongerwamo ibintu birimo azote nkifumbire yumuntu ninyamaswa, kandi igipimo cya karubone-azote cyahinduwe 30: 1 ni ingirakamaro kuri mikorobe.Ibikorwa biteza imbere kwangirika kwibintu kama ifumbire mvaruganda no kugabanya igihe cya fermentation.

2. Ibirungo

50% ~ 60%:

Ubushuhe nibintu byingenzi muburyo bwo gufumbira.Ibikorwa byubuzima bwa mikorobe bisaba guhora wuzuza ibidukikije bikurura amazi kugirango ukomeze metabolisme isanzwe.Microorganismes irashobora gukuramo intungamubiri zishonga gusa, kandi ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora guhinduka byoroshye nyuma yo gufata amazi.Iyo amazi ari hejuru ya 80%, molekile zamazi zuzuza imbere imbere yuduce hanyuma zigatembera mu cyuho hagati y’ibice, bikagabanya ubukana bwikirundo kandi bikongerera imbaraga zo kwimura gaze na gaze, bikavamo agace ka anaerobic ko ibuza Igikorwa cya mikorobe yo mu kirere ntabwo ifasha fermentation yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa aerobic hamwe nubushuhe bwibintu biri munsi ya 40%, ibyo bikazongera umwanya wa pore yikirundo kandi bikongera igihombo cya molekile zamazi, bikaviramo kwirundanya kubura amazi mumazi , bidafasha ibikorwa bya mikorobe kandi bigira ingaruka kuri fermentation.Mu mafumbire, amazi menshi arashobora kongerwamo ibyatsi, ibiti, hamwe nigihingwa cya fungus.

3. Ibirimo ogisijeni

8% ~ 18%:

Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukenera ifumbire mvaruganda ufitanye isano nubunini bwibintu biri mu ifumbire.Ibintu byinshi kama, niko gukoresha ogisijeni ninshi.Muri rusange, umwuka wa ogisijene ukenera ifumbire mvaruganda biterwa na dioxyde de carbone.Nibikorwa byangirika bya mikorobe yo mu kirere kandi bisaba guhumeka neza.Niba guhumeka ari bibi, mikorobe zo mu kirere zirabujijwe kandi ifumbire ikura buhoro.Niba guhumeka ari hejuru cyane, ntabwo amazi nintungamubiri ziri mu ifumbire bizabura cyane, ahubwo nibintu kama bizangirika cyane, bidafasha kwirundanya kwa humus.

4. Ubushyuhe

50-65 ° C:

Mu cyiciro cyambere cyo gufumbira, ubushyuhe bwikirundo mubusanzwe buri hafi yubushyuhe bwibidukikije.Ubushyuhe bwa fumbire bushyuha byihuse na bagiteri ya mesofilique muminsi 1 kugeza 2, kandi ubushyuhe bwikirundo bugera kuri 50 kugeza kuri 65 ° C, ubusanzwe bukomeza kumara iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 6.Kugirango twice bagiteri zitera indwara, amagi y’udukoko, nimbuto zibyatsi, tugere ku bipimo bitagira ingaruka, kandi bigire ingaruka zo kubura umwuma, amaherezo ubushyuhe buragabanuka kugirango habeho ihinduka ryintungamubiri no gushinga humus.Ubushyuhe buke cyane buzongerera igihe cyo gukura kwifumbire, mugihe ubushyuhe burenze urugero (> 70 ° C) buzabuza imikurire ya mikorobe mu ifumbire mvaruganda kandi biganisha ku kurya cyane ibintu kama ndetse no guhindagurika kwa amoniya, aribyo bigira ingaruka ku bwiza.ifumbire.

5. pH

pH6-9:

PH ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikurire ya mikorobe.Mubisanzwe, mikorobe ikwiye mugihe pH itabogamye cyangwa alkaline nkeya.Kurenza urugero cyangwa hasi cyane pH agaciro bizagira ingaruka kumajyambere ya fumbire.Ikungahaye kuri selile na proteyine.Agaciro keza ka pH k’amatungo n’ifumbire y’inkoko kari hagati ya 7.5 na 8.0, naho igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa substrate cyari hafi 0 mugihe agaciro ka pH kari munsi cyangwa kangana na 5.0.Iyo pH≥9.0, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa substrate cyaragabanutse kandi gutakaza azote ya amoniya byari bikomeye.Agaciro pH gafite uruhare runini mubikorwa bya mikorobe nibirimo azote.Mubisanzwe, pH agaciro k'ibikoresho fatizo bisabwa kuba 6.5.Ubwinshi bwa azote ya ammonia ikorwa muri fermentation ya aerobic, byongera agaciro ka pH.Inzira yose ya fermentation iri mubidukikije bya alkaline hamwe na pH nyinshi.Agaciro pH kongera igihombo cya azote, kandi agaciro ka pH kagomba kwitabwaho muguhindura byihuse uruganda.

Kanda kugirango usome Igice cya 1.

 
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