Ibikoresho byose kama (ibice birimo karubone) bikoreshwa nkifumbire byitwa ifumbire mvaruganda.None ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora gukora iki?
1. Ongera imiterere ya agglomerate yubutaka
Imiterere yubutaka igizwe nubutaka butandukanye bwubutaka bumwe buhujwe hamwe nka agglomerate yimiterere yubutaka.Utwobo duto duto tuba hagati yintete imwe kandi imyenge nini iba hagati ya agglomerates.Utwobo duto dushobora kugumana ubushuhe kandi imyenge minini irashobora gukomeza kugabanuka.Ubutaka bwa Agglomerate butuma imizi ikura neza kandi ikwiriye guhingwa no gukura.Uruhare rwimiterere ya agglomerate muburumbuke bwubutaka.
① Ihuza amazi n'umwuka.
② Ihuza amakimbirane hagati yo kurya no kwegeranya intungamubiri mu binyabuzima byubutaka.
Guhindura ubushyuhe bwubutaka no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubutaka.
Gutezimbere guhinga no koroshya kwagura imizi yibihingwa.
2. Kunoza uburyo bworoshye nubutaka bwubutaka
Amababi y'ibiti by'imbuto yonsa karuboni ya dioxyde de umwuka wa ogisijeni;imizi yonsa muri ogisijeni no gusohora karuboni ya dioxyde.Kugirango ukore intungamubiri zisanzwe, imizi yubuhumekero yubuso bugomba kuba ifite okisijene ihagije, bisaba ko ubutaka bugira ubwisanzure kandi bworoshye.Ubutaka bworoshye bugereranywa nubunini bwubutaka kandi bugaterwa nubutaka bwubutaka, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wikirere, nubushyuhe bwikirere.Ubutaka bwubutaka buzwi kandi nko guhinduranya ubutaka, aribwo buryo bwo guhanahana umwuka wubutaka hamwe nikirere, cyangwa igipimo ikirere cyinjira mubutaka.Ifitanye isano ya hafi nimiterere yubutaka, cyane cyane kubiranga pore, nubutaka bufite igice kinini cyubwinshi bwuzuye cyangwa imyenge minini bifite ubwikorezi bwiza.Kurugero, ubutaka bwubatswe neza bufite ubwikorezi bwiza kuruta ubutaka butubatswe neza;ubutaka bwumucanga buruta ubutaka bwibumba;ubutaka bufite ubushuhe buringaniye buruta ubwinshi bukabije;ubutaka bwo hejuru buruta ubutaka, nibindi.
3. Kunoza ubutaka no kuringaniza acide na alkaline
Imbaraga za acide yubutaka na alkaline ikunze gupimwa nurwego rwa acide na alkaline.Ubutaka ni acide na alkaline kuko hari ubutaka buke bwa hydrogène ion na hydroxide ion mu butaka.Iyo ubunini bwa hydrogène ion burenze ubwinshi bwa ion hydroxide, ubutaka ni aside;Ibinyuranye, ni alkaline;iyo byombi bingana, ntaho bibogamiye.Ubutaka bwinshi mubushinwa bufite pH ingana na 4.5 kugeza 8.5, hamwe na pH yiyongera kuva mumajyepfo ugana mumajyaruguru, bigakora "acide yepfo yepfo alkaline".Bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’ikirere hagati y’amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo yUbushinwa, amajyepfo atose kandi imvura nubutaka ahanini ni acide, mugihe amajyaruguru yumye kandi imvura nubutaka ahanini ni alkaline.Ubutaka bufite aside irike cyangwa alkaline nyinshi bizagabanya imikorere yintungamubiri zubutaka kuburyo butandukanye, bigatuma bigorana gukora imiterere myiza yubutaka no kubuza cyane ibikorwa bya mikorobe yubutaka, bigira ingaruka kumikurire niterambere ryibihingwa bitandukanye.
4. Kuzamura ireme ry'ibikomoka ku buhinzi
Impinduka mubice nyamukuru bigize imbuto.
1) Ubushuhe.Usibye igituba, ibinyomoro nizindi mbuto, nizindi mbuto zumye, amazi yimbuto nyinshi ni 80% kugeza 90%.
2) isukari, aside.Isukari, ibirimo aside, hamwe nisukari-aside ni ibimenyetso nyamukuru byubwiza bwimbuto.Isukari mu mbuto kugeza glucose, fructose, na sucrose, ibinyamisogwe bibaho mu mbuto zikiri nto, amoko atandukanye y'imbuto arimo isukari nayo aratandukanye, nk'imizabibu, insukoni, cheri muri glucose, fructose nyinshi;pashe, plum, amata muri sucrose kuruta kugabanya isukari.Acide organique mu mbuto ahanini ni aside ya malike, aside citricike, aside tartaric, pome, puwaro, pacha kuri aside malike, citrusi, amakomamanga, insukoni, aside citricike niyo nyamukuru, aside mu mbuto ziri mu mbuto zikiri nto iyo ibirimo birimo hasi, hamwe no gukura kwimbuto no gutera imbere, imyambarire ikuze hafi yubuhumekero no kubora.
3) pectin.Impamvu ya endogenous itera gukomera kwimbuto nimbaraga zihuza ingirabuzimafatizo, imbaraga zumukanishi wibikoresho bigize selile, hamwe nigitutu cyo kwaguka kwingirabuzimafatizo, imbaraga zihuza ingirabuzimafatizo ziterwa na pectine.Imbuto zumwimerere zidakuze zibaho murukuta rwibanze rwurwego rwa pectin kugirango selile zihuze, nkuko imbuto zikura, munsi yimikorere ya enzymes muri pectine zishonga na pectine, kugirango inyama zimbuto zorohe.Ibiri muri selile na calcium bigira uruhare runini mubukomere bwimbuto.
4) impumuro n'impumuro y'imbuto.Impumuro n'impumuro nibintu byingenzi mukumenya ubwiza bwimbuto.Imbuto nyinshi zifite uburyohe butangaje, cyane cyane ibintu bya tannin, citrus muburyohe bukaze bwibintu nyamukuru ni naringin.Imbuto zirimo vitamine, vitamine A ni imbuto z'umuhondo zirimo karotene nyinshi, nka apicot, loquat, perimoni, n'ibindi, amapera yumye, italiki, kiwi yo mu Bushinwa, inkeri yo mu nyanja irimo vitamine C iri hejuru cyane, irimo chlorophyll muri imbuto zikiri nto, hamwe no gukura kwimbuto, ubwinshi bwuzuye bwiyongereye, ariko ibikubiye mubice byuburemere bushya byagabanutse, igishishwa kirenze umutima wimbuto ni kinini, uruhande rwizuba ruri hejuru kuruhande rwinyuma.
5) ihinduka ryibara.Ibara ryimbuto rifite chlorophyll, karotenoide, anthocyanine, antikosidine glycoside, na flavonoide.Imiterere ya karotenoide ni tetraterpene (C), hari amoko 500, aboneka muri chloroplasts na plastide, hamwe na poroteyine, bifite uruhare rwo kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo kwangirika kwinshi, iyo imbuto zeze, chlorophyll igabanuka, na karotenoide ikiyongera.
5. Ukungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye
Ifumbire mvaruganda ntabwo irimo ibintu bikungahaye gusa hamwe na acide kama, nka acide humic, aside amine, na acide xanthic, ariko kandi irimo ibintu byinshi binini, biciriritse, na trike, nubwo ibirimo ari bike ariko byuzuye.Muri rusange, azote yamababi maremare, fosifore yindabyo ndende, potasiyumu yimbuto ndende;silicon kumizi, calcium yimbuto, magnesium kumababi, sulfure kuburyohe;icyuma kumababi yumuhondo, umuringa kumababi yamababi, molybdenum kumababi yindabyo, zinc kumababi mato, boron kumababi yagoramye.
6. Hamwe nigihe kirekire
Ifumbire mvaruganda nyayo ntishobora gushonga, kandi ntishobora gushonga, kubera ko ifumbire mvaruganda irimo selile nyinshi na lignine idashobora gushonga namazi, igomba kuba inyuze muri mikorobe ya mikorobe yubutaka kugirango ibore, ihindurwe aside aside amine na karubone. yakiriwe na sisitemu yumuzi wibiti byimbuto, bikaba inzira itinda kandi irambye.
7. Hamwe no gukora neza
Itanga ingufu nintungamubiri mubikorwa bya mikorobe yubutaka, iteza imbere ibikorwa bya mikorobe, yihutisha kwangirika kwibintu kama, itanga ibintu bifatika, nibindi bishobora guteza imbere imikurire y ibihingwa no kuzamura ubwiza bwibikomoka ku buhinzi, ntibarye ibiryo byiza bya melon gusa, birya impumuro nziza yingano. , icy'ingenzi cyane, binyuze muri mikorobe yangirika ya acide organic irashobora gukora coil yashizwe mubintu bya minerval irashobora kwinjizwa neza no gukoreshwa.
8. Kubika amazi
Amakuru y’ubushakashatsi yerekanye ko: mu ifumbire mvaruganda humus irimo lipide, ibishashara, hamwe n’ibisigarira, kubera ko mu gihe cyo gushinga ubutaka hamwe n’uburumbuke bwinshi, ibyo bintu bishobora kwinjira mu butaka bw’ubutaka, ku buryo bifite hydrophobique, bigabanya intege nke z’ubutaka kandi umuvuduko w'amazi ya capillary, kuburyo guhumeka k'ubutaka bw'ubutaka bigabanuka kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi y'ubutaka bukongerwa, bityo bigatuma ubutaka bwifashe neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na hydrophilicity na hydrophobicity ya humus bwerekanye ko bigenwa nu munyururu wuruhande ku nkombe za molekile ya aside ya humic, kandi ko iyo urugero rwa polymerisation ya molekile ya acide ya humic ari ruto, urwego rwo kwerekana urunigi rwarwo. amatsinda ni manini, kandi ko hari isano itandukanye hagati yabo, hamwe nisano iri hagati yibintu bya humic na molekile yamazi igena, kurwego runaka, imiterere yamazi yibintu kama.
Imiterere ya agglomerate ijyanye nibintu kama byubutaka nubunini bwifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa.Imiterere ya agglomerate itajegajega ituma ubworoherane bwubutaka bwubutaka kandi byorohereza ubutaka.Iyi miterere irangwa na agglomerates irekuye hamwe nubunini bunini butari capillary, bugabanya uburebure n'umuvuduko wamazi ya capillary yimuka mubutaka kandi bikagabanya guhinduka kwamazi ava mubutaka.Iradiyo yimiterere yubutaka bwubutaka bufite imiterere ya agglomerate nini kuruta radiyo yimiterere yubutaka bwubutaka bufite imiterere mibi ya agglomerate, mugihe umuvuduko wo kuzamuka hejuru ya capillary yamazi ugereranije na radiyo yikigo cyubaka.
9. Hamwe no gukingirwa
Ifumbire mvaruganda ifite umurimo wo kwinjiza ubushyuhe no gushyuha, bifasha imizi kumera no gukura kwibiti byimbuto.Ifumbire mvaruganda murwego rwo kubora izarekura ubushyuhe runaka, izamura ubushyuhe bwubutaka, icyarimwe, ubushobozi bwifumbire mvaruganda, imikorere myiza yokwirinda, ntabwo byoroshye guhura nimpinduka zubukonje nubushyuhe bwo hanze, ubukonje bwimbeho kurinda, ubushyuhe bwimpeshyi, bifasha cyane kubiti byimbuto kumera, gukura, no gutumba.
10. Gerageza uburumbuke bwubutaka
Ubutaka kama nubutaka ni ijambo rusange kubintu biri mubutaka buturuka mubuzima.Ubutaka kama nubutaka nigice cyingenzi cyubutaka bukomeye kandi nimwe mumasoko nyamukuru yimirire yibimera, guteza imbere imikurire niterambere ryibimera, kuzamura imiterere yumubiri wubutaka, guteza imbere ibikorwa bya mikorobe na ibinyabuzima byubutaka, biteza imbere kubora kwintungamubiri mubutaka no kuzamura uburumbuke ninshingano zubutaka.Ifitanye isano ya hafi nuburyo, imiterere, kwinjiza, hamwe na adsorption hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka.Mubisanzwe, ibirimo ibinyabuzima bifitanye isano neza nurwego rwuburumbuke bwubutaka murwego runaka, mubindi bihe bikaba bimwe cyangwa bisa.
Ubutaka burimo ibinyabuzima nimwe mubimenyetso byingenzi byerekana uburumbuke bwubutaka, kandi ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora kongera ibinyabuzima byubutaka.
Niba ufite ibindi bibazo cyangwa ibikenewe, nyamuneka twandikire muburyo bukurikira:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-31-2022